现代汉语动名兼类现象的百年历时演变现代汉语动名兼类现象的百年历时演变

摘要： 此前对汉语动名词类范畴演变的研究初步指出，现代汉语的名词类在扩大，但这一假设缺乏有力的实证证据。基于双层词类范畴化理论，借助自建的一亿字现代汉语历时语料库对现代汉语动名兼类现象进行考察，可以发现，动名词类范畴在百年间并非一成不变，而是动态发展的；现代汉语动名词类范畴边界渗透性总体显著上升，动名范畴边界越来越柔性，其直接动因是动词转名词用法的增加，这从历时视角为当前学界的汉语动名兼类分歧提供了实证的解决方案。从基于使用的视角来看，词类可视为动态的自适应系统，个体词词类的临时创新用法经过反复使用逐渐固化和规约化，最终成为社群语言系统中稳定的概括词词类用法。

Abstract: Previous research on the evolution of verb and noun categories in Chinese has tentatively suggested that the noun class in Modern Chinese is expanding, yet this hypothesis has lacked solid empirical support. Drawing on the Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory and a self-built 100-million-character diachronic corpus of Modern Chinese, this study examines verb/noun heterosemy in Modern Chinese. We find that the verb and noun categories have not remained static over the past century but have developed dynamically. The boundary permeability between the two categories has risen significantly overall, making the verb/noun boundary increasingly soft, and the direct driver of this change is the growing use of verbs as nouns. These findings offer a diachronic, empirically grounded resolution to the ongoing disagreements over verb/noun heterosemy in Chinese. From a usage-based perspective, word classes can be viewed as dynamic adaptive systems: innovative, ad hoc class uses of individual word tokens become entrenched and conventionalized through repeated use, and eventually turn into stable, generalized word-class uses in the linguistic system of a speech community.